Propaganda Posters WW1

Propaganda Posters WW1 The propaganda posters of World War 1 had several different purposes. One of these purposes was to obtain man power for the battles of the war. Another reason was to obtain money for financing the war. A third reason for the posters was to spark nationalism within the respective countries of which the posters were made. Getting laborers in the shell factories was also a cause for the propaganda posters. A final reason was to justify the reason for why the countries were involved in the war so that the people dont rebel against the war. The people who were probable targets for the posters were men, women, and even children. For example, posters that showed how women were being murdered by the enemy sparked a sense of honor in the hearts of the men and it influenced them to fight for their country to protect it and their women. Some posters targeted childrens parents by saying My dad bought me a bond, did yours? or something equivalent. By targeting these specific groups, the posters made everyone involved in total war. The posters suggested many ways for the people of the countries to be involved in the war. Posters suggested that people buy liberty bonds or military bonds in order to help the country financially. They also called for the men to fight and to go the front. Moreover, people, primarily women, were drawn to the factories so that they can help with the shells of the bombs and sometimes with the guns. People were also urged to provide things such as food and clothing for the soldiers on the fronts. By suggesting these types of things, posters made everyone fight as the posters were suppose to do. I think that the role of the propaganda in World War 1 was to get people directly involved into the war and to get money to finance the war. The propaganda made people feel nationalist about their countries and they wanted to fight and help in the war. Liberty bonds or war bonds were money that were given to the government to finance the war, and at the end of the war, the people would get the money back with interest. These bonds were important because the governments needed money to be able to pay the soldiers and to wage the war on the front. By getting money from the people, the country had enough money to finance its economy and also it was a good investment for the people who invested in the war. A wide range of images is used in the World War 1 posters. One example was Lady Liberty leading the American troops into battle. Another image was the Australian flag which said for the king and the country. This image made Australians feel nationalistic about their country. A third image that was shown was the German gorilla which made people fear the destruction of Germany and therefore they wanted to fight against Germany. A German propaganda poster portrays how Jesus is blessing the German army. Other German posters also show a soldier to make the men want to fight. Finally, an Austrian poster shows how a child is putting in money for the war. This was another way to make men and women buy bonds for the war. Several good symbols were used during the World War 1. A gorilla portraying Germany was used to show how ugly and evil Germany was. Another British symbol showed Germany as a skeleton that is drinking the blood of the fallen soldiers. These images made people want to fight Germany and to end its terror over Europe. Australia used a fallen soldier pointing at the viewer of the poster to make men want to avenge the death or wounding of the soldiers who give their lives on the front. Germany made its people join the war by showing how the army was blessed by Jesus which symbolized that it was destined for greatness. They also used the symbol of a soldier on a horse, with a oval around his head which in Orthodox Christianity in particular that portrays him as a saint. In general, the Germans were so confident that they would win, that they showed how glorious their army supposedly was. All of the symbols were used to make the people of the countries fight their enemies. Allies Posters Similarities Central Powers posters Their messages were short and simple. Said true statements. Portrayed German brutality. Both wanted resources. Both guaranteed wins. Both urged men to enlist in the fighting. Long messages that said a lot and not very effective. -Contained lies because the army was not as blessed as the newly enlisted soldiers thought. Showed army to be mighty and blessed by God. My favorite poster is the one from Australia which showed how Freedom is in a tug of war with the Oppression. I liked this poster because it was an original way to show how the war was going and in a way it made it seem less dramatic than it really is. I also think that Australians had the most interesting posters in general because their posters were more elaborate and more interesting than the rest of the countries in the war.

Report on Key Issues in Small Business Enterprises

| Key issues in small business enterprises| Personal Reflective Report| | Zdravko Mihaylov| BA (HONS) Business Enterprise Development2012| | Introduction Small business enterprises are important for the modern market economy in terms of innovation, employment and flexibility. They are the backbone of our economy. Around 98. 6% of all businesses are considered small (Goodman, 2006) and every large business was at some point small. Small business enterprises are very different to large business enterprises.They operate in different circumstances, such as having different management techniques, facing different financial constraints and production choices, and bearing different relative regulatory burdens. This report’s aim is to identify some of the key issues facing small business enterprises today, addressed in the Enterprise Finance unit, in order to give better view of the challenges presented in their survival and growth. Small business enterprises are often at a competitiv e disadvantage to large business enterprises.They may have difficulty achieving economies of scale, where large enterprises have already been well established, they often have difficulty in acquiring sources of finance and they may have problems with government policy and regulation, which are often designed to assist specifically large enterprises (Holmes et al, 2003). Other factors that may bring to small enterprise failure include: poor credit management, poor stock management, poor pricing practice, excessive profit distribution, excessive investment in long term assets and others (Holmes et al, 2003:142).They are very dependent on the founding owners and have higher business risk. Evaluation In summary, two broad forms of business failure can be identified. The first involves the start-up of the business, bankruptcy, liquidation, voluntary wind-up/closure. The second form is where the business continues to operate, but the return on capital, time and effort contributed by owner s is bellow the desired. Small business enterprises have difficulty competing with already established large enterprises.New enterprises rarely have the financial backing to set up a large-scale operation to take immediate advantage of scale economies. Except the challenges brought by the lack of history and reputation, a development of a price cutting war may become a great threat to small enterprises, as they may not have the financial capacity to withstand such competition. Some of the scale economies not available to small enterprises are listed in Figure 1. 1 in the Appendices. A way of overcoming those issues is adopting strategies to overcome some of the disadvantages or to target small niche markets in which to operate.Small business enterprises suffer from chronic undercapitalisation as they often have limited access to the capital and money markets (Tamari, 1980). Two main â€Å"gaps† can be identifies as responsible for that: Knowledge gap – lack of awarenes s of appropriate sources of finance and their relative merits resulting in restricted use of debt; Supply gap – unavailability of funds or exceeding cost of debt. Another barrier is the required higher rate of return on funds invested or lent due to the higher risk in small business enterprises (Storet, 1994).Problems can even arrive from the owners’ inclination of not wanting to share control of the business with investors. Other frequent cause of small business failure is the lack of liquidity or little financial planning and control. Two critical periods of financial needs are identified within the business life cycle: the start up and the rapid expansion. To overcome this problem and avoid overtrading1, a long-term finance source is needed. Different financial stress factors have also been identified by Hutchinson and Ray (1986) in each stage of the lifecycle, which can be seen on Figure 1. in Appendices. Another major challenge for small enterprises is the burden of complying with government regulations. Part of the burden problem can be attributed to poorly designed legislations. Two disadvantages are seen by this, listed in Figure 1. 2 in the Appendices. While a lot of studies show that small enterprises face a greater relative compliance burden than large enterprises, some consider that many of them ‘are so flawed that we must view their findings with scepticism’ (Brock and Evans, 1986: pp. 134-5).When looking at the small firm survival over a period of time, a key variable is net profit. It is defined by subtracting all operational costs from gross profits and the costs of closing down a business. For staying in business over a period of time, it is required that net profit should not fall below zero. In case of being positive, the firm might have some prospect for growth, while in case of being zero, it is just breaking even. If it stays negative for a period of years, it invites failure and exit from the market.Thus one mi ght express that for staying in business, net profit should be non-negative. Small business enterprises usually have centralized control by the owner, thus his managing skills are critical for the survival of the business. Perry and Pendelton (1983) estimated that 90% of the business failures are associated with management inexperience and/or incompetence. It has been identified that managerial roles relate to the lifecycle of a business enterprise (Holmes et al, 2003:150), so different managerial skills are required for each lifecycle stage.In other words, if owners do not have the necessary managerial skill for each stage, the business might be at a great risk. Conclusion The objective of this project was to determine the key issues facing small business enterprises today, discussed in the Enterprise Finance unit, and to draw the knowledge gained. Firstly, the report begins with analysis of the disadvantages of barrier of entry, Overtrading1 – when a business expands withou t a solid financial foundation financial and government regulation issues of small enterprises.The report continues with examination of the survival over a period of time and the role of the owner-manager in small business enterprises. The issues listed in this report cannot be generalised for all small business enterprises, as each one has a unique structure, resources and capabilities. Further research may be required in this area before any decisive conclusions can be drawn. Bibliography Brock, W. A. , & Evans, D. S. (1986). The Economies of Small Businesses: Their Role and Regulation in the US Economy. Holmes and Meier: New York. Goodman, G. (2006).Five Challenges Every Small Business Owner Faces. From http://ezinearticles. com/? Five-Challenges-Every-Small-Business-Owner-Faces&id=158921 Holmes et al. (2003). Small Enterprise Finance. John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd: Sydney Perry, C. , & Pendelton. W. (1983). Successful Small Business Management. Pitman Publishing: Sydney. Store y, D. J. (1994). Understanding the small business Sector. Routledge: London. Tamari, M. (1980). The financial structure of the small firm. American Journal of Small Businesses, 4:4 20-34. Appendices ————————————————-Figure 1. 1 Scale economies of large enterprises, not available to small enterprises | Longer production runs based on larger and more technologically advanced plant and machineryQuantity discounts on input purchasesEmploying specialistsMore widespread advertisingAccess to more forms of finance on better terms and conditionsMore sophisticated information gatheringLower unit costs in complying with government regulations and reporting obligations| (Adopted from Holmes et al. , 2003, pp. 52-53) ————————————————- Figure 1. 2 Government regulation disadva ntages |A greater relative cost burden in complying with many forms of government regulation, because of the substantial fixed costs involvedGovernment policy measures being designed to assist large enterprises more than small enterprises| (Adopted from Holmes et al. , 2003, pp. 54) ————————————————- Figure 1. 3 A view of the financial lifecycle of a smaller growth enterprise Stage| Finance used| Predominant financial stress factor| Inception| Owner’s resources| Undercapitalisation| Growth 1 (Take-off)| Owners’ resources plus retained profits, trade credit,

A Straight Bat Essay

Parents often have ideal ways they want their children to be; sometimes they don’t give them any freedom to choose. â€Å"A Straight Bat†, written by Roger Holt, is a short story about George who wants his son to become a great cricket player just like him even though his son, Timothy, doesn’t want to and wants to play the violin. This reading will be related to the dominant reading where readers sympathise with the son and see the father as an overbearing and oppressive man. This reading focuses on how the father forces his son to live under his shadow and how it’s represented through the actions and words of the characters. George is seen as a dominant figure who expects his son to live under his shadow. This is demonstrated through the speech of George. Before Timothy goes to his boarding school George gives him a cricket bat as a present. â€Å"What do you say?† This shows us how controlling he is towards his son. George also reminds him that he must become a good cricket player. â€Å"You must score lots of runs with it, Timothy†¦ Hundreds of them† He expects his son to love cricket and to become a star just like he was when he was at the same school. He doesn’t give his son any freedom to do what he wants to â€Å"You have a tradition to keep up. Your father still holds the record for the quickest century† he expects his son to be just like him. Through the speech of George we can see that George expects too much from his son and tries to control how his son lives. We sympathise with Timothy and see him as a weak character that is suppressed by his father. This can be seen in the speech and the actions of Timothy. After receiving the cricket bat T imothy isn’t very excited about it and wasn’t too interested. His father says â€Å"What do you say?† and he replies with â€Å"Thank you, Daddy† as if he was being controlled by his father. â€Å"Timothy stared at the wall in front of him and thought of the violins.† He is fascinated by violins and isn’t very interested in playing crickets yet his father is still pushing him to play cricket. Timothy’s individuality is suppressed by his father and this is shown through his actions and words. The one sided relationship between Timothy and George can be shown through the actions of the characters. When George gives Timothy the bat and expects him to become a cricket player it’s almost like he is caging a bird, Timothy doesn’t really want to play cricket but there isn’t much he can do. He swaps his cricket bat for a violin and it’s like he is free from his cage. When hisfather finds out about this he is furious and even smashes the violin â€Å"With a swift downward motion George smashed the violin across his knee.† The smashing of the violin is like Timothy getting his wings clipped and he is stuck in his cage forever. â€Å"He threw the ball back to his father and prepared himself for a lifetime of playing a straight bat on a pitch† After having his violin broken by his father Timothy has given up and just prepares to play cricket just like his father. In this father son relationship George is basically just forcing Timothy to live just like him and this is shown by the actions of the two. In conclusion the George is seen as restricting Timothy’s freedom to do what he wants to do, this is illustrated by the words and actions of the characters. Sometimes parents expect too much from their children and it can damage the relationship betw een them.

Police Interaction Of The Mentally Ill - 2526 Words

From police interaction of the mentally ill, Crisis Intervention Training has been born with the focus on police officers being able to identify individuals who may be suffering from various type of mental illness. In addition to being able to identify if a person is suffering from a mental disorder, the training also teaches officers the skills to communicate with them in hopes to de-escalate the tense situation peacefully (Russell, 2012). Attitudes toward the mentally ill started to change in the 60’s and 70’s from both the communities and professionals. The two began to recognize that the mentally ill had rights to live an independent life style like that of ordinary citizens. Before this, people with mental illness or developing disabilities had been institutionalized, giving strong medications, sedated and isolated from the rest of society. Living amongst the community, they receive their medication as well as interact with the general public. In addition, they also interact with security personnel and law enforcement officers, and all too frequently with unfortunate consequences. (Russell, 2012). CIT is a specialized training program utilizing mental health and substance abuse experts, legal experts, consumer/family advocates, and experienced CIT officers. They teach law enforcement officers how to de-escalate unpredictable situations involving those with mental health disorders. The training is accomplished through role playing, learning about the likely behavior ofShow MoreRelatedLaw Enforcement Interactions With The Mentally Ill Community1674 Words   |  7 PagesLaw enforcement interactions with the mentally ill community are increasing, due to a number of factors such as cuts on long-term psychiatric beds, improvements in treatments and the philosophy of integration (Adelman, 2003). 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Environmental Ethics And Environmental Safety - 895 Words

Environmental ethics can be formally defined in many sources as the study of human interaction with nature. In a business sense, however, environmental ethics is concerned with the business’ duty or responsibility to protect our overall environment. Our society is beginning to become more involved with the environmental movement. Because of this, people are more concerned with the companies and businesses that they support in regards to their concern towards our environment. Some argue that businesses should be attempting to protect our environment over and above what is required by United States Law. Doesn t it seem the only ‘ethical’ thing to do? In this paper I will elaborate about environmental compliance obligations, businesses and environmental ethics movements, as well as what companies have been trying to do to become more ethical when it comes to our environment that goes above and beyond the law. 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Rap And Hip Hop Music - 1177 Words

Rap and hip hop music has evolved politically over the last decade; these genres have become major forces and influential factors for North American youth and young adults. Nas, a popular rap star, sold 1 million copies of his first album Illmatic by Dec. 2001, and by 2004 Nas released his 7th platinum album Street Disciple. The album street disciple contained a very political song titled American Way. The song showcases the negative outlook rap has against politics in its early stages as a genre. In addition, Lakeyta M Bonnet’s Book Pulse of the People: Political Rap Music and Black Politics, expresses the way hip hop music acts as a catalyst for the involvement of urban minorities in politics. While Paint the White House Black an†¦show more content†¦Although the government tries to regulate it, they simply cannot and the two disciplines continue to clash. When Nas begins he talks about the black vote and how the black community does not take voting seriously. As a result the upper class automatically has the advantage in the poles because they are more likely to vote. He makes the argument that regardless of who votes the choices are only â€Å"Satan or Satan† (Nas 2004). He links the American government to Satan which brings the listener back to his view of the nation from the poverty stricken ghetto he grew up in. The reason people relate to Nas is because his music is real and describes real life situations from the shoes of African Americans, and minorities. However, his view is only negative toward the government. Nas continues on to say that his voice and his opinions would have been silenced ten years ago so the community must continue to push for their rights, take control of who’s in control. Nas speaks on how the government cannot handle the hood and does not know how to improve the situation so they over use the police. The police enforce the law which is broken daily in these â€Å"hoods† using violence and brutality to solve issues. Nas ends this verse by hoping for a true representative from his community in the government he wants â€Å"hood councilmen† (Nas 2004). Nas dives into race at the beginning of the second verse. He addresses women and how

CSR Practices in Tesla Motors Samples for Students Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility or Sustainability Practiced by the Companies. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the corporate social responsibility or sustainability practiced by the companies in current market. For discussion, famous company of car industry Tesla Motors has taken. In present time, car industry is the fastest growing industry in the market. Tesla Motors are the famous company which was founded in the year 2003. The company basically deals in manufacturing, designing and wholesaling of the cars components (Tesla Motors, 2017). Now, aim of the company is to provide electric vehicles to reduce the impact of CO2 gases in the atmosphere. The strategy of Tesla Motors is to be the best technology company in the car industry by developing affordable electric cars for the consumers. Aim of the company is to reduce the dependency of customers on petroleum-based vehicles. This report is focused on the CSR activities of the Tesla Motors which are shared values and ecosystem innovation. Along with this, this report provides a theoretical approach in terms of CSR acti vities (Tyagi, 2011). Theoretical approaches The theories of sustainability have come from the chain of innovation and transformation. Basically, the concept of corporate social responsibility is the process of globalization and impacts every organization as there are many social problems which have to face by organization while expanding the business in to global market. Now, CSR is the concept of global plan which is considered as the social contract between the society and business. CSR practices are important for every organization for being accountable for the long-term need of the people and environment (McKnett, 2013). In the case of Tesla motors, there are two approaches of CSR. There are many researchers who have analyzed the practices of CSR in the business. CSR in the business activities enables the company to gain many benefits in terms of tangible and intangible benefits such as increase brand value, risk reduction, secured license to operate, cost decrease retention of customers and improved employee recruitment w ithin the company. There are two complementary theories by which effectiveness of CSR practices in Tesla motors can be measured (Matten, Dirk Jeremy, 2008). The description of those theories is described below. Stakeholder theory This is the most important theory in CSR practices which depends upon the roles and responsibilities of the company towards stakeholders. This theory provides new way to the firms to think about the stakeholders. According to stakeholder theory, stakeholders are key concern of the organization which involves customers, employees, suppliers, shareholders and government. Basically, CSR practices focus on the social and environmental concerns so; there must be collaboration between the stakeholders and the organization on the voluntary basis. In the CSR practices, it is important for the companies to understand the importance of interaction with external and internal stakeholders. Based on the research in support of CSR, it is the accountability of the organization to identify the interest of various stakeholders rather than focusing on financial or economic requirements. Figure 1: Various Stakeholders (Source: Tyagi, 2011) The arguments in the stakeholder theory depend upon assumptions that company should focus on maximizing profit through managing the interest of stakeholders. According to this theory, Stakeholders must be active in the decision making process of the organization. In case of Tesla Motors, CSR practices in the company are implemented on the basis of interest and demands of the stakeholders. Tesla is the biggest automobile company in the world and it identifies the needs of stakeholders on the top most priority. By effective corporate social responsibility, company is able sustain long-term development in terms of manufacturing electronic vehicle in the market. In Tesla Motors, important stakeholders are shareholders, employees, customers and society (Mangram, 2012). In these, the most important stakeholders are employees and shareholders which are chosen in the report. Shareholders- Shareholders are the most important group of stakeholders in Tesla motors who are supportive to achieve the business goals and objectives. Main interest of the shareholders in the company is to maximize the profit of the business in the market. They are important because they affect the capital of the company. For understanding and addressing the core interest of shareholders, Tesla is planning for electric vehicles under the guidance and approval of the shareholders. The plan of electric vehicles is helpful in reducing the cost incurred in fuel and petroleum because electric cars will be very cheap in cost. In current time, customers are very concerned for surrounding environment so, with the idea of electric vehicles, company will be able to maximize the profit in the market. Providing electric cars to reduce harmful gases is also the part of corporate social responsibility of Tesla motors which is helpful in improving the performance of the company in the car industry (Hardester, 2010). Employees- This group of stakeholders has the interest in the career development, equal treatment and opportunity and high wages. They are very crucial as they always impact on the production and capacity of services in the business. To identify the interest of the employees, Tesla has many activities related to CSR i.e. global learning, sustainable workforce, and global leadership programs. To protect the productivity, health and capabilities of the employees, company has initiatives in terms of sustainable workforce. Along with this, there are some development programs i.e. monitoring the profit and performance of the employees etc. managers in Tesla motors to motivate the employees to achieve the goals in the organization. They provide leadership programs i.e. experienced leader program for the middle level managers. These all programs come under the CSR activities and dedication of the company to address the interest of employees (Ashtiani et al, 2011). Creating shared value (CSV) Creating shared value is the link between CSR and the competitive advantage of the company. Shared value is not only sustainability but it is the new process also to get success. The objective of shared value is to implement the change in the business operations of a company in terms of people, process, strategy, structure and reward. In simple words, CSV is related to getting benefit in the business by using CSR activities (Porter Kramer, 2011). Figure 2: Customer Shared Value (Source: Porter Kramer, 2011) In case of Tesla Motors, there are many reasons of the company to use value principles in the business operations. Provided values by the Tesla Motors are described below: Leader- This is the key reason to create value for the customers. The aim of the company is to improve the lives of the people in the community. Elon Musk is the person in Tesla motors who has created and run the company. He is the leader in the company who believe in generating energy in the sustainable way. Because of his efforts, company is now famous in the car industry. That person has capacity to influence and motivate the culture of the company to get success. Value- Objective of Tesla Motors is to develop and maintain sustainable transportation by offering electric cars to the customers. By providing this value, the mission of the company is to do research on sustainability and provide benefits to the customers. Tesla is now providing benefits to the customers in terms of social and economic benefits related to price (Lantos, 2001). Open innovation- This is another reason to create shared value principles in the business. Open innovation is helpful for the company to attract more and more customers. Innovation of Tesla Motors includes creating transportation sustainable for the travelers. To achieve business goals, it is important for Tesla Motors to create electric vehicles. This is the market of innovation with the shared values provided by Tesla Motors (Maula, Keil Salmenkaita, 2006). Agenda- Values provided by Tesla motors are linked with the overall strategy and agenda of the company. Shared values of the company are connected with the sustainability. This is helpful for the company to run business in the operating market. To achieve long-term goals, shared values are also important for Tesla motors (Karamitsios, 2013). Tesla motors are focused on the innovation for the whole environment. Objective of the company is to give importance for the humanity and customers in the society. To achieve this goal, Tesla will use solar batteries in the electric cars. Along with this, Tesla is developing the system of energy storage devices to develop more and more renewable energy in the environment. Now, in current time, Tesla is appropriate company to reinvent of future ecology. Customers are finding for stylish vehicles with sustainability. So, Tesla is just right in providing such type of vehicles to the customers. The shared values provided by Tesla Motors can be evaluated by some factors i.e. vision, and strategy (Kearney, 2013). Vision- Vision of the company is to provide values to the customers in terms of electric vehicles so that the harmful gases in the environment can be reduced successfully. Strategy- The main strategy of Tesla Motors is to create values factors or the customers and society by new ecosystem innovations. The objective of the company is to create sustainable transportation for the customers. Conclusion This report provides supportive arguments for the CSR activities in the business. By the above discussion, it can be said that Tesla is going on the right way in terms of CSR practices. Tesla is providing values and shared principles and addressing stakeholders interests for the future growth and success. The company is focusing on CSR practices having the aim of providing values and ecosystem innovation References Tyagi, R.K. (2011). A Conceptual Study of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Persuasion on Employees. pp. 2837 Porter, M. E. Kramer, M. R. (2011). The Big Idea: Creating Shared Value: Harvard Business Review. 89 (1/2). 62-77 McKnett, C. (2013). The investment logic for sustainability. 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